![]() ![]() Which is also known as the glycemic index diet or GI diet. To understand the low-glycemic diet. For example, the USDA's Dietary. Sample Menu for Anne Collins Low Glycemic Index (GI) Diet. When you eat a doughnut, for example, your body processes it almost instantly into sugar. High, Medium and Low GI Foods. If you are following the GI or South Beach diet you should aim to include more foods with a low glycemic index in your diet. ![]() High Gi FoodsGi ValueThe glycaemic index (GI). However, using the glycaemic index to decide whether. For example. Carbohydrates and the glycaemic index. Foods and drinks provide fuel for our body in the form of carbohydrates, fat, protein and alcohol. Carbohydrates are the body’s preferred fuel source. The glycaemic index (GI) is a way to classify foods and drinks according to how quickly they raise the glucose level of the blood. It has replaced classifying carbohydrates as either . Digesting and absorbing carbohydrates. The digestive system breaks down carbohydrates in foods and drinks into simple sugars, mainly glucose. For example, both rice and soft drink will be broken down to simple sugars in your digestive system. This simple sugar is then carried to each cell through the bloodstream. The pancreas secretes a hormone called insulin, which helps the glucose to migrate from the blood into the cells. Once inside a cell, the glucose is . Our brain, muscles and nervous system all rely on glucose as their main fuel to make energy. The body converts excess glucose from food into glycogen. Glycogen acts as a storage form of glucose within the muscle tissue and the liver. Its role is to supplement blood sugar levels if they drop between meals or during physical activity. The glycaemic index (GI). Carbohydrate- containing foods can be rated on a scale called the glycaemic index (GI). This scale ranks carbohydrate- containing foods based on their effect on blood sugar levels over a period of time – usually two hours. Carbohydrate- containing foods are compared with glucose or white bread as a reference food, which is given a GI score of 1. The GI compares foods that have the same amount of carbohydrate, gram for gram. Carbohydrates that break down quickly during digestion have a higher glycaemic index (GI more than 7. These high GI carbohydrates, such as a baked potato, release their glucose into the blood quickly. Carbohydrates that break down slowly, such as oats, release glucose gradually into the bloodstream. They have low glycaemic indexes (GI less than 5. The blood glucose response is slower and flatter. Low GI foods prolong digestion due to their slow break down and may help with satiety (feeling full). Choosing between high and low GI foods. The best carbohydrate food to eat varies depending on the person and situation. For example, the rate at which porridge and cornflakes are broken down to glucose is different. People with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance have become resistant to the action of insulin or cannot produce insulin rapidly enough to match the release of glucose into the blood after eating carbohydrate- containing foods. This means their blood glucose levels may rise above the normal level. Porridge is digested to simple sugars much more slowly than cornflakes, so the body has a chance to respond with production of insulin, and the rise in blood glucose levels is less. For this reason, porridge is a better choice of breakfast cereal than cornflakes for people with type 2 diabetes. It will also provide more sustained energy for people without diabetes. If a person with diabetes experiences a . For example, eating five jellybeans will help to raise blood glucose levels quickly. A person with diabetes is only at risk of a . How much carbohydrate you eat is important. The amount of the carbohydrate- containing food you eat will also affect your blood glucose levels. For example, even though pasta has a low GI, it is not advisable for people with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance to have a large serve. This is because the total amount of carbohydrate, and therefore the kilojoules, will be too high. The glycaemic load (GL) is a concept that builds on GI, as it takes into account both the GI of the food and the amount of carbohydrate in a portion. GL is based on the idea that a high GI food consumed in small quantities would give the same effect on blood glucose levels as larger quantities of a low GI food. GL is easily calculated by multiplying the GI by the amount of carbohydrates (in grams) in a serving of food. GI and weight loss. A low GI diet has commonly been promoted as an effective way to help lose weight by controlling blood sugars and appetite. When high and low GI diets are compared head- to- head, however, scientific evidence has shown that there is little additional benefit for weight loss of a low GI diet over a similar diet of nutrient composition that is high GI. While GI can be a useful guide in planning a diet and controlling blood sugar levels, it should not be the only consideration. Both the serving size of foods and the nutritional quality of the diet are just as important to consider. GI and exercise. Eating low GI foods two hours before endurance events, such as long- distance running, may improve exercise capacity. It is thought that the meal will have left your stomach before you start the event, but remains in your small intestine releasing energy for a few hours afterwards. On the other hand, high GI foods are recommended during the first 2. High GI foods are influenced by low GI foods. Generally, eating low GI foods and high GI foods at the same time has the effect of . This is important, as most foods are eaten as part of a meal and this affects the GI value of foods. For example, eating cornflakes (a higher GI food) with milk (a lower GI food) will reduce the effect on blood sugar levels. GI scale examples. Some examples of the GI rating of various carbohydrates include. GI (less than 5. 5) – soy products, beans, fruit, milk, pasta, grainy bread, porridge and lentilsmedium GI (5. GI (greater than 7. Factors that affect the GI of a food. Factors such as the size, texture, viscosity (internal friction or . For instance, an unripe banana may have a GI of 3. GI of 5. 1. Both ripe and unripe bananas have a low GI. Fat, protein, soluble fibre, fructose (a carbohydrate found in fruit) and lactose (the carbohydrate in milk) also generally lower a food’s glycaemic response. Fat and acid foods (like vinegar, lemon juice or acidic fruit) slow the rate at which the stomach empties and slow the rate of digestion, resulting in a lower GI. Other factors present in food, such as phytates (used to store phosphorus in plants) in wholegrain breads and cereals, may also delay a food’s absorption and thus lower the GI. Cooking and processing can also affect the GI – food that is broken down into fine or smaller particles will be more easily absorbed and so has a higher GI. Foods that have been cooked and allowed to cool (potatoes, for example) can have a lower GI when eaten cold than when hot. GI symbol on packaged foods. Food Standards Australia New Zealand allows companies to make nutrient content claims regarding the GI of a food. The GI symbol, G – Glycemic index tested, indicates the GI rating of packaged food products in supermarkets. It ranks food products based on the speed at which they break down from carbohydrate to sugar in the bloodstream. However, this labelling is not compulsory for food companies to follow. The GI symbol only appears on food products that meet certain nutrient criteria for that food category. High and intermediate GI soft drinks, cordials, syrups, confectionery and sugars are excluded. Jams, honey and other carbohydrate- containing spreads are not necessarily excluded. Using the GI as a guide to healthy eating. The GI can be used as a consideration when selecting foods and drinks consistent with the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating, as long as you are aware of the limitations. For example, the GI of some everyday foods such as fruits, vegetables and cereals can be higher than discretionary (occasional) foods like biscuits and cakes. This does not mean we should replace fruit, vegetables and cereals with discretionary choices, because the first are rich in important nutrients and antioxidants and the discretionary foods are not. GI can be a useful concept in making good food substitution choices, such as having oats instead of cornflakes, or eating grainy bread instead of white bread. In many cases, choosing the wholegrain or higher fibre option will also mean you are choosing the lower GI option. It is not always possible or necessary to choose all low GI foods. There is room in a healthy diet for moderate to high GI foods, and many of these foods can provide important sources of nutrients. If you mix a low GI food with a high GI food, you will get an intermediate GI for that meal. Tips for healthy eating. Some practical suggestions include. Use a breakfast cereal based on oats, barley or bran. Use grainy breads or breads with soy. Enjoy a range of fruit and vegetables. Eat plenty of salad vegetables with vinaigrette dressing. Eat a variety of carbohydrate- containing foods. If the main sources of carbohydrates in your diet are bread and potatoes, then try lentils, legumes, pasta, basmati rice and pita breads. Focus more on the serving size of foods, rather than just their GI rating. Expert medical supervision. If you have a medical condition, such as diabetes, it is important to seek the advice of your doctor or specialist before making any changes to your diet. Where to get help. Your doctor. Dietitians Association of Australia Tel. Nutrition Australia (Vic) Tel. Things to remember. The glycaemic index (GI) rates carbohydrates according to how quickly they raise the glucose level of the blood. The glycaemic load (GL) rates carbohydrates according to the glycaemic index and the amount of carbohydrate in the food. A low GI rating of a food does not mean you can eat a larger serve of that food – the total amount of carbohydrate and kilojoules consumed is still important. Choose a diet containing plenty of fruits, vegetables and legumes, but with smaller helpings of potatoes, and less highly refined grain products and concentrated sugar.
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